Why Is Snake Venom So Deadly? הרעלה מארס נחש - הכשת נחש

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We know poisonous snakes are dangerous, but what exactly makes venom so powerful? Evolutionary biology tells us why venom is useful for snakes, but chemistry tells us how venom works. This week, Reactions sheds some light on the proteins in venom, as well as its potential medical uses

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Music:
Robert Daglio – Mr. Fantastic
Sam Leopard – Back for More

Writer & Producer:
Kirk Zamieroski

Executive Producer:
Adam Dylewski

Scientific consultants:
Kenneth Winkel, Ph.D.
Darcy Gentleman, Ph.D.
Sophia Cai

SOURCES:
Snake Venom Basics - https://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2003/stoneley/two.htm

Snake Venom Basics 2 - https://www.toxinology.com/fusebox.cfm?staticaction=snakes/ns-snvenom.htm

Cytotoxins - https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/metalloproteinases-mechanisms-of-action-and-pharmacological-relevance-2161-0495.1000-181.pdf

Striking Beauties: Venomous Snakes - https://web.archive.org/web/20060523055642/

General Neurotoxins - https://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ne-Nu/Neurotoxins.html

Evolutions Most Effective Killer: Snake Venom - https://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2008-03/evolution's-most-effective-killer-snake-venom

Venom and alzheimer's - https://www.med.monash.edu.au/news/2016/snake-venom-alzheimers-disease.html

Blood clotting hydrogels - https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00356
Annual snakebites - https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/snakes/

Prothrombin activation - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3531198

Fibrin & clotting - https://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/31/12/e88.full

On thrombin and fibrin - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2408736/

Microclots - https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=FBclBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&dq=venom+microclots+thombrin&source=bl&ots=_Pf4W7ImrS&sig=sBn0Cgwlzo7zKuVHbd1HrjdMcTQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR6qrK7_vLAhWJFJQKHev5BAAQ6AEIKDAC#v=onepage&q=venom%20microclots%20thombrin&f=fals